Congenital AML
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Leukemia diagnosed in the first 4 weeks of life.
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Very rare - less than 5% of all cases of AML.
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Differential diagnosis includes severe congenital infection - syphilis, viral infections and toxoplasmosis.
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Clinical Features:
- Skin involvement in up to 70% of cases
- Massive hepatosplenomegaly common
- CNS disease in 50%
- WBC count usually very elevated
- Chromosomal abnormalities in the 11q23 region seen in 80% of patients
- Generally poor prognosis, but can respond to intensive chemotherapy. Spontaneous remissions have been documented.
Infant AML
- AML occurring older than 1 month but less than 12 months.
- 10% of cases of AML occur in first year of life and 20% in first 2 years of life.
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